{"id":3341,"date":"2022-05-03T04:28:43","date_gmt":"2022-05-03T04:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/?p=3341"},"modified":"2022-07-14T03:02:46","modified_gmt":"2022-07-13T19:02:46","slug":"dots-symbols-in-latex","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/dots-symbols-in-latex","title":{"rendered":"How to write dots symbols in LaTeX?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>This article aims to show you the simplest and easiest way to write <\/em><em>dots symbols in LaTeX<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether you use them for multiplication, or for denoted large numbers or any other use you imagine, dots symbols are part of LaTeX, and today you will learn how to write it in your documents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_67_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69edd3f2ac912\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69edd3f2ac912\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/dots-symbols-in-latex\/#Dots_Symbols\" title=\"Dots Symbols\">Dots Symbols<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/dots-symbols-in-latex\/#Dots_in_LaTeX\" title=\"Dots in LaTeX\">Dots in LaTeX<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/dots-symbols-in-latex\/#VerticalHorizontalDiagonal_Dots\" title=\"Vertical\/Horizontal\/Diagonal Dots\">Vertical\/Horizontal\/Diagonal Dots<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/dots-symbols-in-latex\/#Simple_Dot_Symbol_in_LaTeX\" title=\"Simple Dot Symbol in LaTeX\">Simple Dot Symbol in LaTeX<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/dots-symbols-in-latex\/#Further_Reading\" title=\"Further Reading\">Further Reading<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dots_Symbols\"><\/span><strong>Dots Symbols<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This symbol can be seen alone or in groups, depending on the use, maybe inside a matrix or between countable elements. Depending on the context you will use it for one thing or another. For example<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image2.png\" alt=\"dots symbols in LaTeX\" class=\"wp-image-3344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image2.png 558w, https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image2-300x208.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><figcaption>Image source: scijournal Author<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dots_in_LaTeX\"><\/span><strong>Dots in LaTeX<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Now in LaTeX, all the dots symbols do not need external packages, they are built-in into LaTeX. Math mode is indeed required for all the LaTeX commands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we want to recreate the example above the code will look like,<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\\documentclass{article}\n\\begin{document}\n\\begin{center}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 $$\\mathbf{A} = (a_1, a_2, \\ldots, a_n)$$\n\u00a0 \u00a0 $$\\mathbf{B} = \\begin{pmatrix}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 b_{11} &amp; b_{12} &amp; \\cdots &amp; b_{1n} \\\\\n\u00a0 \u00a0 b_{21} &amp; b_{22} &amp; \\cdots &amp; b_{2n} \\\\\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \\vdots &amp; \\vdots &amp; \\ddots &amp; \\vdots \\\\\n\u00a0 \u00a0 b_{m1} &amp; b_{m2} &amp; \\cdots &amp; b_{mn}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \\end{pmatrix}$$\n\u00a0 \u00a0 $$\\vec{C} \\cdot \\vec{D}$$\n\\end{center}\n\\end{document}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n<p>If you pay attention you will see that the word \\<strong>[<\/strong>letter]dots, this is the command for all the dots symbols you can create by default, where letter can be any of the following letters: l, c, v, and d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another important aspect is the difference between singular and plural, dots is for three dots following each other in a line, whereas dot is just for one simple dot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VerticalHorizontalDiagonal_Dots\"><\/span><strong>Vertical\/Horizontal\/Diagonal Dots<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s start with the vertical dots, the command is \\<strong>vdots<\/strong>. You can think of it as vertical dots, literally the abbreviation! You can use it if you are working with matrices or vectors in matrix form. For example<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\\begin{document}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 $$\\vec{x} = \\begin{bmatrix}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 x_1 \\\\\n\u00a0 \u00a0 x_2 \\\\\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \\vdots \\\\\n\u00a0 \u00a0 x_n\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \\end{bmatrix}$$\n\\end{document}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"272\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image4.png\" alt=\"dots symbols in LaTeX\" class=\"wp-image-3346\"\/><figcaption>\\<strong>vdots<\/strong> Vertical dots<br>Image source: scijournal Author<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Moving on to the next orientation you have the horizontal dots, here we have two commands for the dots, the \\<strong>cdots<\/strong> command, and the \\<strong>ldots<\/strong> command. The latter is lowered dots and the former is centered dots.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The \\<strong>ldots<\/strong> is used for a set of numbers for example, and \\<strong>cdots<\/strong> usually with functions with <em>n<\/em> terms. For example<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\\begin{document}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 $$Q = q_1, q_2, q_3, \\ldots, q_{n}$$\n\u00a0 \u00a0 $$\\sum_{i=1}^{n}R_{i} = r_1 + r_2 + \\cdots + r_n$$\n\\end{document}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"544\" height=\"236\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image3-1.png\" alt=\"dots symbols in LaTeX\" class=\"wp-image-3348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image3-1.png 544w, https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image3-1-300x130.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><figcaption>\\<strong>ldots<\/strong> Lowered dots and \\<strong>cdots<\/strong> Centered dots.&nbsp;<br>Image source: scijournal Author<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The last option available for the orientation of dots is the diagonal dots, the command is \\<strong>ddots<\/strong> diagonal dots.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These type of dots are most used in matrices, for example&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\\begin{document}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 $$\\delta = \\begin{pmatrix}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 a_{11}\u00a0 &amp; \\cdots &amp; a_{1n} \\\\\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \\vdots &amp; \\ddots &amp; \\vdots \\\\\n\u00a0 \u00a0 a_{m1} &amp; \\cdots &amp; a_{mn}\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \\end{pmatrix}$$\n\\end{document}\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"507\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image5.png\" alt=\"dots symbols in LaTeX\" class=\"wp-image-3349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image5.png 507w, https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image5-300x134.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\" \/><figcaption>\\<strong>ddots<\/strong> diagonal dots <br>Image source: scijournal Author<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simple_Dot_Symbol_in_LaTeX\"><\/span><strong>Simple Dot Symbol in LaTeX<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In case you are wondering how to write a simple dot symbol the command would be \\<strong>cdot<\/strong> center dot. The output would look like the dot product, and that\u2019s the reason for using \\<strong>cdot<\/strong> in the dot product.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-syntaxhighlighter-code \"><pre class=\"brush: plain; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n\\begin{document}\n$$ \\vec{X} \\cdot \\vec{Y}$$\n\\end{document\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"253\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/image1-1.png\" alt=\"dots symbols in LaTeX\" class=\"wp-image-3351\"\/><figcaption>Image source: scijournal Author<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>You are now ready to start writing your dots symbols in LaTeX; maybe there are more options with packages for these symbols, but that is up to you to look for the answers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I hope this tutorial was helpful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As always, keep writing in LaTeX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>All the images were created in LaTeX by the author.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Further_Reading\"><\/span><strong>Further Reading<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LaTex Tutorial<\/strong> <strong>on Symbols<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/cross-product-symbol-in-latex\">How To Create A Cross Product Symbol In LaTeX<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/hat-symbol-in-latex\">How to create a hat symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/prime-symbol-in-latex\">How to create a prime symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/absolute-value-symbol-in-latex\">How to create an absolute value symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/approximate-symbol-in-latex\">How to create an approximate symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/intersection-symbol-in-latex\">How to create an intersection symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/empty-set-symbol-in-latex\">How to create the empty set symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/degree-symbol-in-latex\">How to write a degree symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/dot-product-in-latex\">How to write a dot product in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/greater-than-symbol-in-latex\">How to Write a Greater Than Symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/norm-symbol-in-latex\">How to write a norm symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/plus-minus-symbol-in-latex\">How to write A Plus-Minus Symbol in LaTeX<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/proportional-to-symbol-in-latex\">How to write a proportional to symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/real-number-symbol-in-latex\">How to write a real number symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/tilde-symbol-in-latex\">How to write a tilde symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/union-symbol-in-latex\">How to write a union symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/vector-in-latex\">How to write a vector in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/infinity-symbol-in-latex\">How to write an infinity symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/bold-text-in-latex\">How to write bold text in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/arrow-symbols-in-latex\">How to write the arrow symbols in LaTeX<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/degree-celsius-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the Degree celsius symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/equal-or-not-equal-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the equal or not equal symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/euro-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the Euro symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/floor-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the floor symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/gradient-operator-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the gradient operator symbol in LaTeX<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/greater-than-or-equal-to-symbol-in-latex\">How To Write The Greater Than Or Equal To Symbol In LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/integer-number-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the integer number symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/less-than-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the less than symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/natural-numbers-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the Natural numbers symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/parallel-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the parallel symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/percent-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the percent symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/square-root-symbol-in-latex\">How to write the square root symbol in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/subset-in-latex\">How To Write The Symbol For A Subset In LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/therefore-in-latex\">How to write the symbol for therefore in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/mathbb-command-in-latex\">How to write with the mathbb in LaTeX?<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article aims to show you the simplest and easiest way to write dots symbols in LaTeX. Whether you use them for multiplication, or for denoted large numbers or any other use you imagine, dots symbols are part of LaTeX, and today you will learn how to write it in your documents Dots Symbols This &#8230; <a title=\"How to write dots symbols in LaTeX?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/dots-symbols-in-latex\" aria-label=\"Read more about How to write dots symbols in LaTeX?\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[39],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3341"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5625,"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341\/revisions\/5625"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scijournal.org\/articles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}